Adherence to Online Nutritional Monitoring Was Associated with Better Food Habits in People with T1DM during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil.

Until this moment, no research has been found that has assessed adherence to online nutritional monitoring by adults with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (T1DM) during the pandemic. This article aims to analyze the association between eating habits and adherence to nutritional online care by adults with T1DM during social distancing because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out in July 2020. An online form was used to collect sociodemographic data, financial status, eating habits, carrying out online nutritional monitoring, and adherence to social distancing. Pearson's chi-squared test was performed with adjusted residual analysis and binomial logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). Out of the 472 adults, only 8.9% had consulted with a nutritionist. Doing nutritional monitoring online during social distancing was associated with a reduction in the consumption of ultra-processed foods (p = 0.021), eating more servings of fruit (p = 0.036), and doing carbohydrate counting (CC) more frequently (p = 0.000). Doing nutritional monitoring online increased adherence to carbohydrate counting by 2.57 times and increased the consumption of fruits by 0.423 times. Therefore, nutritional monitoring, even if performed remotely, can influence the acquisition and maintenance of healthier eating habits, in addition to assisting adherence to the practice of CC.

Adherence to Carbohydrate Counting Improved Diet Quality of Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus during Social Distancing Due to COVID-19.

To control glycemic variability in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), it is essential to perform carbohydrate counting (CC), a strategy that ensures better quality of life for these patients. Thus, this study aims to analyze potential factors associated with adherence to CC in adults with T1DM during social distancing due to COVID-19 in Brazil. This was a single cross-sectional study carried out in July 2020. An online form was used to collect sociodemographic and economic data on the purchasing of supplies and food, as well as social distancing. The Chi-square test was performed with adjusted residuals analysis and a binomial logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). Of 472 adults, 37.71% reported performing CC in the same frequency as before social distancing. There was an association between performance of CC and the type of city (p = 0.027), family income (p = 0.000), use of financial emergency aid (p = 0.045), type of insulin administration and glycemic monitoring (p < 0.000), and cooking more (p = 0.012). Participants who maintained or reduced consumption of ultra-processed foods were 0.62 times more likely to adhere to CC (OR 0.626, 95% IC: 0.419-0.935) and participants who cooked more were 1.67 times more likely to adhere to CC (OR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.146-2.447). There are still people with T1DM who did not know about and did not use CC method, which highlights the need for diabetes education.

Supplies for Type 1 Diabetes management during COVID-19 social distancing in Brazil / Insumos para manejo do Diabetes Tipo 1 durante o distanciamento social por COVID-19 no Brasil

O estudo analisou fatores socioeconômicos associados à aquisição de insumos para manejo da glicemia por pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 durante o distanciamento social pela Pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Pesquisa transversal com coleta de dados realizada durante 21 dias do mês de julho de 2020, com um formulário online sobre dados socioeconômicos e aquisição de insumos para monitorização glicêmica. Foi aplicado o teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson com análise de resíduos ajustados (p<0,05). Participaram 472 adultos de ambos os sexos. Foram encontradas associações entre o tipo de aparelho utilizado para monitorização glicêmica (glicosímetro ou sistema Flash) e renda (p<0,000), escolaridade (p=0,007), macrorregiões (p=0,049) e tipo de cidade (p=0,043); entre aquisição de insulinas e renda (p<0,000), macrorregião (p=0,027) e tipo de bairro (p=0,003); entre aquisição de fitas reagentes e renda (p<0,000); entre aquisição de lancetas e renda (p=0,001), tipo de cidade (p=0,035) e de bairro (p=0,010); entre o uso de Sistema Flash e renda (p<0,000) e tipo de bairro (p=0,006). Os resultados expõem as desigualdades sociais na aquisição de insumos para manejo da glicemia por pessoas com Diabetes Tipo 1 durante a Pandemia no Brasil.

This study analyzed socioeconomic factors related with the acquisition of supplies for blood glucose management by people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus during social distancing due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study with data collected during 21 days in July 2020, by an online form on socioeconomic data and acquisition of supplies for glycemic monitoring. This research applied Pearson's Chi-Squared test with adjusted residual analysis (p<0.05). 472 adults of both sexes participated. Relationships were found between the type of device used for blood glucose monitoring (glucometer or Flash system) and income (p<0.000), education (p=0.007), macro-regions (p=0.049), and type of city (p=0.043); between insulin acquisition and income (p<0.000), macro-region (p=0.027) and type of neighborhood (p=0.003); between acquisition of reagent strips and income (p<0.000); between acquisition of lancets and income (p=0.001), type of city (p=0.035) and neighborhood (p=0.010); between the use of Flash System and income (p<0.000) and type of neighborhood (p=0.006). The results expose the social inequalities in the acquisition of supplies for blood glucose management by people with Type 1 Diabetes during the Pandemic in Brazil.